Report on the Situation of Ahmadi Muslims in Pakistan |
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
UN Documents
UN Declaration of Human Rights 1948
Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, G.A. res. 36/55, 36 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 51) at 171, U.N. Doc. A/36/684 (1981)
UN cassette recording statement of Minority Rights Group before United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities August 7, 1984
UN cassette recording statement of Justice Jules Deschenes before United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities August 26, 1985
Resolution No. 1985/21 passed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities.
UN Document E/CN.4/Sub.2/1985/57
UN Document E/CN.4/Sub.2/1985/L.42
UN cassette recording statement of Mr. Peter Davies representing Anti-Slavery Society for the Protection of Human Rights before United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities February 14, 1986
UN cassette recording statement of Barrister Ilyas Khan representing Human Rights Advocates before United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities February 24, 1986
UN cassette recording statement of Dr. Karen Parker representing Human Rights Advocates before United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities March 5, 1986
UN cassette recording statement of His Excellency, Robert H. Robertson, Commission Member for Australia March 5, 1986
UN cassette recording statement of Ambassador Francis Mahon Hayes, Commission Member for Ireland March 6, 1986
UN Press Release HR/1676, March 7, 1986
UN Document E/CN.4/1986/SR.30
UN Document E/CN.4/1986/SR.44
UN Document E/CN.4/1986/SR.46
UN Document E/CN.4/1986/5
UN Document E/CN.4/1986/NGO 30, submitted by Human Rights Advocates on February 24, 1986
UN Document E/CN.4/1987/26 (at pg. 3) Study of the Current Dimensions of the Problems of Intolerance and of Discrimination on Grounds of Religion and Belief, Mrs. Elizabeth Odio Benito.
UN Document E/CN.4/1996/95/Add.l 2 January 1996 Mr. Abdelfattah Amor, Special Rapporteur on Religious Intolerance
Amnesty International
Memo of Amnesty International AI Index: ASA 33/56/85 November 7, 1985
Amnesty International Report 1985
DEATH PENALTY AND LEGAL CONCERN: MEMBERS OF THE AHMADIYYA COMMUNITY IN PAKSITAN AI Index: ASA 33/04/86 20 February, 1986
Memo of Amnesty International AI Index: ASA 33/06/86 March 1986
Amnesty International Report 1986
Amnesty International Report 1987
Amnesty International Report 1988
Amnesty International Report 1989
Amnesty International Report 1990
Amnesty International Report 1991
Pakistan: violations of human rights of Ahmadis September 1991 AI Index: ASA/33/15/91
Amnesty International Report 1992
Amnesty International Report 1993
PAKISTAN Open letter to the political parties September 1993 AI Index: ASA 33/04/93
Amnesty International Report 1994
URGENT ACTION 11 March 1994 UA 99/94 AI Index: ASA 33/01/94 Fear for Safety Pakistan: Attacks against members of the Ahmadiyya community in Lahore
PAKISTAN Five Ahmadi journalists charged with blasphemy April 1994 AI Index: ASA 33/03/94
PAKISTAN Use and abuse of the blasphemy laws July 1994 AI Index: ASA 33/08/94
PAKISTAN: ANOTHER AHMADI DELIBERATELY KILLED BY ISLAMISTS 18 April 1995 AI Index: ASA 33/10/95
Human Rights and US Security Assistance 18 May 1995
Amnesty International Annual Report Summaries 1995 AI Index: POL 10/03/95 1800 HRS GMT, WEDNESDAY 5 JULY 1995
Amnesty International Annual Report 1995 Updates AI Index: POL 10/04/95 1800 HRS GMT, WEDNESDAY 5 JULY 1995
Human Rights Commission of Pakistan
Riot and Arson Nankana Sahib 12 April 1989
Report on Chak Sikandar Arson and Violence Against Minorities July 1989
The State of Human Rights in Pakistan 1991 HRCP annual report
HRCP Newsletter, Lahore, October 1992, Vol. 3 No. 4
HRCP Newsletter, Lahore, January 1993. Vol 4. No. 1
The State of Human Rights in Pakistan 1992 HRCP annual report
HRCP Quarterly Newsletter, Vol.IV No.IV October 1993
HRCP Annual Report 1994
Other
Minority Rights Group Statement before the Sub-Commission 7 August 1984
Lawyer's Committee for International Human Rights Report of July 1985, published in USA
Human Rights in Pakistan (January 1987) Report of Dr. Karen Parker Attorney-at-Law, Special Representative, Human Rights Advocates, Inc., an organization with Consultative satus at the United Nations.
Statement by the Anti-Slavery Society for the Protection of Human Rights August 28, 1987
Chapter VIII of the report: PAKISTAN: Human Rights After Martial Law International Commission of Jurists P.O. Box 120, CH-1224 Chene-Bougeries/Geneva Switzerland.
Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and Orthodoxy in Pakistan Antonio R. Gaultieri Guernica Editions Inc. Montreal, 1989 ISBN 0-920717-41-1
Towards the Definition of a Muslim in an Islamic State; The Case of the Ahmadiyya in Pakistan in Religious and Ethnic Minority Politics in South Asia Mahnohar Press, Delhi, 1989
"PAKISTAN HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES, 1992" United States State Department January, 1993
"Repeal Discriminatory Law" Asia Link Hong Kong January-February 1993 Vol. 15, No.1 HL/ACPP 921028 (24) Nov.-Dec. 1992
"Persecuted Minorities and Writers in Pakistan" News from Asia Watch, New York Asia Watch Vol. 5 No. 13 19 September 1993
A Comment On The Supreme Court Judgment In the Case of Ahmadis MM Clarke 23 August 1993
RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION IN PAKISTAN: THE AHMADI CASE AT THE SUPREME COURT A Commentary by Karen Parker, J.D. Humanitarian Law Project December 1993
AHMADIS IN PAKISTAN: UPDATE DECEMBER 1991 TO OCTOBER 1993 QUESTION AND ANSWER SERIES Research Directorate Documentation, Information and Research Branch Immigration And Refugee Board Ottawa, Canada January 1994
"PAKISTAN HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES, 1993" United States State Department January 31, 1994
Lawyer's Committee for Human Rights Critique of US State Dept Report 1993 gopher://gopher.igc.apc.org:5000/00/int/lchr/asia/papers/9
Lawyer's Committee for Human Rights Critique of US State Dept Report 1994 gopher://gopher.igc.apc.org:5000/00/int/lchr/asia/papers/16
Lawyer's Committee for Human Rights New York Letter addressed to the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan February 4, 1994
Lord Avebury, Chairman of the British Parliamentary Human Rights Group Letter addressed to the Pakistani High Commissioner in London February 4, 1994
Lord Avebury, Chairman of the British Parliamentary Human Rights Group Letter addressed to Mr. Masood Khalid, Pakistan High Commission, London February 4, 1994
Lawyer's Committee for Human Rights New York Letter addressed to the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan April 22, 1994 Doc #:DC1:5004.1 DC-1324
PRESS RELEASE NO. 10
Statement by H.E. MR. DAVID KARSGAARD AMBASSADOR AND CHARGE D'AFFAIRES, A.I. OF CANADA BEFORE THE 49TH SESSION OF THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY
ITEMS 100: (B) AND (C)
HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATIONS
NEW YORK, NOVEMBER 29, 1994
PERMANENT MISSION OF CANADA TO THE UNITED NATIONS
Attacks on the Press: An Annual Survey 1994 gopher://gopher.igc.apc.org:5000/11/int/cpj Committee To Protect Journalists
"PAKISTAN HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES, 1994" United States State Department January, 1995
"Protecting Religious Minorities: The Courts; Abdication Tayyab Mahmud, Associate Professor of Law at Cleveland State University Chapter Six of "Pakistan: 1995" Charles H. Kennedy and Rasul Baksh Rais
"PAKISTAN HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES, 1995" United States State Department March, 1996
Reports in the Pakistani Press
Daily Pakistan Times November 17, 1983 General Zia quoted as saying:
"Qadianis worse than kafirs"
The Muslim Islamabad 30th April, 1984 "Keswar Gardezi: Secretary General, Pakistan National Party Withdrawal of Anti-Qadiani Ordinance Urged"
The Muslim Islamabad May 3, 1984 "Aitzaz Decries Anti-Qadiani Ordinance Aitzaz Ahsan: Leader of Tehrik-E-Istiqlal"
Viewpoint Lahore May 3, 1984 "State and Religion" criticized martial law ordinance XX.
Viewpoint Lahore May 3, 1984 "A Reception, An Ordinance" Husain Naqi warned against "officially patronized communalism".
Dawn Karachi May 3, 1984 "Theocratisation of the State slated by PNP"
Daily Mashriq, Evening Special May 5, 1984 General Zia quoted as saying
"The decision about Qadianis is a part of Islamization process."
Daily News Karachi May 8, 1984 "Action Criticized"
Daily News Karachi May 9, 1984 "Says Begum Wali: Government Wants to Sell Islam"
Daily Muslim Islamabad May 10, 1984 "Unjust restrictions for Qadianis"
Lahore May 10, 1984 "A Bedevilled Legacy" Ayaz Amir criticized martial law ordinance XX.
Viewpoint Lahore May 24, 1984 "Lahore High Court Bar Association Bar Rejects Sectarian Move"
The Muslim Islamabad May 24, 1984 "Muslims Need to Focus on Vital Issues" Abbas Rashid
The Muslim Islamabad May 24, 1984 "Too Harsh on Qadianis" A. Jamal
Jang Rawalpindi June 6, 1984 reported that a shopkeeper in Manshera had been sentenced to six months for using the Muslim greeting assalam alaikum.
Press Statement of Pakistan Democratic Forum June 7, 1984 "Persecution of Ahmadiyas"
Viewpoint Lahore June 7, 1984 "One Sided" criticized the Pakistani press coverage against Ahmadis
Pakistan Times December 8, 1984 speech of General Zia inciting violence against Ahmadi Muslims
The Muslim September 23, 1985 "Shot At"
Daily Nawai Waqt Karachi November 28, 1985 Prime Minister M. Junejo quoted concerning his hope that the entire Islamic world would
"crush this curse"
Dawn February 17, 1986 article on award of death sentences in Sahiwal case
Dawn July 4, 1986 "Appointment of Qadianis to be Probed"
Daily Nawai Waqt September 8, 1986 "Qadianis' Place of Worship at Mardan Razed"
Daily Jang September 19, 1986 reported on the sentencing of two Ahmadis to 5 years rigorous imprisonment even though Ordinance XX carries a maximum 3 years
Daily Jang Lahore December 6, 1986 reported that the government refused to allow the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community to hold its annual convention.
Daily Mashriq January 1, 1987 The minister for Excise and Taxation, Akhtar Rasool, quoted as wishing to
"exterminate the defiant Qadianiyyat from its very roots"
Daily Jang Lahore January 6, 1987 The Minister for Auqaf, Malik Khuda Buksh Tiwana, was quoted concerning his his determination to
"eradicate the evil of Mirzaiyyat"
Dawn February 3, 1987 "Ahmadiyya chief of D.G. Khan arrested"
Dawn February 19, 1987 "Six Ahmadis' conviction - LHC directs AG to seek Government instructions" Dawn Lahore Bureau
Nawai Waqt 11 September 1988 reported on the number of Ahmadis arrested under Martial Law Ordinance XX
Daily Jasarat Karachi January 9, 1989 The Adviser, Federal Ministry of Religious Affairs, Maulana Siraj Ahmad Dinpuri was quoted on Benazir's wish to not
"undo the great service my father did for Islam".
Daily Hilal-e-Pakistan Hyderabad, Sindh April 17, 1989 carried an editorial condemning an attack on an Ahmadi mosque in Nawabshah
Viewpoint Lahore 24th April, 1989 "Anti-Ahmedia pogrom" condemned the incident at Nankana Sahib
The Daily Lahore June 10, 1989 "Odd Conditionality" criticized the failure of the government to protect Ahmadis
The Pakistan Times Lahore June 25, 1990 "Banning a Newspaper"
The Daily Jang Lahore December 29, 1990 reported that the Federal Government was collecting a list of all Ahmadis in sensitive positions.
The Herald, Nov 1992 "The Apartheid Card" Zohra Yusuf
The Frontier Post November 23, 1992 reported that the Minister for Religious and Minority Affairs had said that the new column for religious affiliation on national identity cards was intended to separate Ahmadis from other Muslims in Pakistan.
Dawn Karachi December 1,1992 "Supreme Court Confirms Interim Bail"
Slogan Lahore Jan 1993, Vol. 4, No. 4 "Appeal From Abbotabad's Ill Fated Ahmadis"
Herald Karachi Jan 1993 "Religious Minorities: A Brief History"
The News International January 7, 1993 "Bravo Supreme Court of Pakistan" Syed Afzal Haider applauded the granting of bail to Ahmadis accused of using Islamic terminology on a wedding card.
Dawn February 2, 1993 "Qadianis Do Not Have Faith in Holy Prophet Like Muslims" discussed a constitutional challenge to section 298C. The government counsel alleged that Ahmadis present themselves as Muslims as a mischief.
The News February 3, 1993 "Qadianiat a conspiracy against muslim's belief's" covered the comments of the Government Counsel in a case before the Supreme Court concerning the constitutionality of section 298C.
Dawat-e-Amal Sargodha, 10 May 1993 "Arrest on Preaching of Qadianiat"
Dawn Karachi, 4 July 1993 "Qadiani Petitions Dismissed By SC" Ahmad Hasan Alvi
Newsline November/December 1993 "Editor's Note" Razia Bhatti took note of the misuse of the blasphemy act against religious minorities.
Newsline November/December 1993 "Persecuted By Law" I. A. Rehman discussed the blasphemy act.
Newsline November/December 1993 "The Fires of Bigotry" I. A. Rehman noted that :
The Ahmadis constitute the largest group of persons accused of blasphemy offenses. Over a hundred of them have been charged under Section 295-C alone till July 31, 1993. Many of the cases have been initiated by leaders of anti-Ahmadi organizations and indicate some kind of systematic activity by complainants...
Newsline November/December 1993 "Victims of Zealotry" Nafisa Shah noted that:
The mullah now has an instrument to punish those who disagree with him or annoy him...
Dawn December 3, 1993 It was reported that the government had abandoned plans to scrap the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution and had decided to retain "Islamic" clauses in the Constitution.
Dawn Lahore Section 2 February 8, 1994 "Youth found murdered in cold blood"
The Pakistan Times Lahore March 1, 1994 "Cases registered against Qadiani leaders"
NETNEWS (The News International via Imran-Net) April 10, 1995 Supporter of 'infidel' stoned to death, Abdullah Jan Ahmedi lawyer stoned to death, Abdullah Jan
Dawn Wire Service April 20, 1995 None willing to speak on Shabqadar incident
Dawn Wire Service May 5, 1995 UK govt urged to help Pakistan combat violence
The News January 15, 1995 Carried a false report that permission had been granted to Ahmadis to hold a conference in Rabwah.
Daily Jang January 16, 1995 Carried statement of Majlis Khatam e Nabuwwat threatning to block roads to Rabwah.
Daily Pakistan January 17, 1995 Carried protests of ulema of governments favourable treatment of Ahmadis.
Daily Jang January 17, 1995 Carried news of protests over false report that Ahmadis would be permitted to meet in Rabwah, the call to martyrdom to prevent this, and a threat to march on Rabwah.
Daily Pakistan January 17, 1995 Carried protests against Douglas Hurd and foreign governments over false reports that Ahmadis would be permitted to meet in Rabwah.
Daily Pakistan January 17, 1995 Carried statement of Senator Samiul Haq against false reports that Ahmadis would be permitted to meet in Rabwah.
Daily Pakistan January 17, 1995 Carried threat of Maulana Chinioti to destroy Rabwah.
Daily Nawae Waqt January 18, 1995 Carried statement of the Government of Punjab that Ahmadis would not be permitted to meet in Rabwah.
POLITICS & BUSINESS March 27, 1995 Where Will it All End? Naveed Farooqi
Newsline April 1995 The Price of Faith Tahir Mehdi and Muddassir Rizvi
Dawn Wire Service May 9, 1996 A liberal, forward-looking & modern state? Tahir Mirza
Other Press Reports Putney Chronicle London, May 11, 1984 David Mellor, MP for Putney denounced martial law ordinance XX as "...wicked attack on their civil rights."
The Washington Post Washington May 17, 1984 "Pakistan Restricting Sect as Non-moslem"
International Herald Tribune May 18, 1984 "Pakistan Curbs Minority Sect Zia Limits Ahmedi Moslem's Rights on Call by Mullahs" William Clairborne
The Pioneer Kumasi, Ghana May 23, 1984 "The Last Kicks of a Dying Horse" criticized martial law ordinance XX as a "most oppressive law".
The Times London May 31, 1984 "New victims of Zia's drive to Islamic fundamentalism Ahmedi Sect Facing Purge in Pakistan"
New York Times June 14, 1984 "Our Blind Support for Pakistan's Tyrant" Stuart Schaar
Nigerian Observer Nigeria June 22, 1984 "Fall of Pakistan to Religious Intolerance"
Adresseavisen Norway June 22, 1984 "Sikkert At Overgrep Skjer Amnesty Har Rapporter Om Rundjuling Og Drap"
South Western Star London July 13, 1984 "Praying for Relatives' Lives"
Newsweek July 16, 1984 "Persecution of a Religious Sect"
The Pioneer Kumasi, Ghana 17 August 1984 under the heading "Pakistan" reported on anti-Ahmadi actions by the government after the enactment of martial law ordinance XX.
Echo Ghana 2 March 1986 "Persecution of Ahmadis continues"
Daily Jang London January 16, 1989 quoted the then minister for Religious and Minority Affairs, Khan Bahadur Khan, on keeping the Constitutional Amendment declaring Ahmadis non-muslims.
Daily Jang London, January 18, 1989 quoted the then minister for Religious and Minority Affairs, Khan Bahadur Khan, on neutralizing the influence of Ahmadi propaganda in other countries.
Daily Jang London February 3, 1989 reported the banning of the Ahmadiyya Centenary Celebrations.
Daily Millat London 4. Feb 1989 reported that Maulana Siraj Ahmad Deenpuri, Advisor, Federal Ministry of Religious Affairs, had said that all Ahmadis in key posts would be sacked.
Christian Science Monitor Wednesday, January 5, 1994 "Pakistan Falls Short on Religious Freedom" The Rev. Robert F. Drinan, S.J. member of the board at the LAWYER'S COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS
Daily Jang London July 8, 1994 The President of Pakistan and the Minister of Justice and Parliamentary Affairs were quoted as saying that the government had never intended to amend Section 295-C PPC.
United Press International Friday, September 16, 1994 "Pakistanis destroy minority mosque"
Voice of America gopher server gopher://gopher.voa.gov/00/newswire/sat/PAKISTAN_HUMAN_RIGHTS DATE=1/28/95 NUMBER=2-173114 TITLE=PAKISTAN HUMAN RIGHTS (L-ONLY) BYLINE=JENNIFER GRIFFIN DATELINE=ISLAMABAD
The Observer UK Sunday, 14th May 1995, page 20. "Mullahs lie in wait to kill jailed convert" Jennifer Griffith
Voice of America gopher server gopher://gopher.voa.gov/00/newswire/sat/PAK_-_STRIKE DATE=5/27/95 TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT NUMBER=2-179487 TITLE=PAK / STRIKE BYLINE=JENNIFER GRIFFEN DATELINE=ISLAMABAD
Reuter's wire service report of 27 May 1995 quoted Benazir Bhutto's support of the death penalty for blasphemy
Voice of America gopher server gopher://gopher.voa.gov/00/newswire/thu/AMNESTY_INTERNATIONAL DATE=7/6/95 TYPE=BACKGROUND REPORT NUMBER=5-30520 TITLE=AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL BYLINE=DAUD MAJLIS DATELINE=WASHINGTON
Voice of America gopher server DATE=1/24/96 TYPE=BACKGROUND REPORT NUMBER=5-32263 TITLE=PAKISTAN RELIGION BYLINE=DOUGLAS BAKSHIAN DATELINE=ISLAMABAD
Bangkok Post, 25 January 1996 "Pakistan Called Haven for Religious Bigots" ISLAMABAD, AP
Books by Ahmadis
Check http://store.alislam.org/ for more books.
The Persecution of Ahmadi Muslims in Pakistan: An Objective Study Mujib ur Rehman
Persecution of Ahmadi Muslims and Their Response Press and Publication Desk Ahmadiyya Muslim Association compiled by Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry with the assistance of Dr. Shamim Ahmad
Government of Pakistan
Article 20, Constitution of Pakistan
White Paper on "The Performance of the Bhutto Regime" Government of Pakistan, 1979
Anti Ahmadiyya Ordinance, 26 April, 1984
Message of General Zia ul Haq to the Khatam-e-Nabuwwat Conference, London, dated 4 August, 1984 noting efforts to exterminate "cancer" of Ahmadiyyat.
Statement of Observer of Pakistan, before UN Commission on Human Rights 25 February 1986
Letter of Khan Bahadur Khan, Federal Minister of State for Religious and Minority Affairs, to Mian Nawaz Sharif, Chief Minister of Punjab, calling for vigourous persecution of Ahmadis under Martial Law Ordinance XX. (D.O.) No: 6 (4) DDJ/89, 30.1.1989
Memorandum on Ahmadiyya Question Ministry of Foreign Affairs No.UN(11)-2/29/93 16 January, 1994
Miscellaneous
Jinnah of Pakistan Stanley Wolpert Oxford University Press New York, 1984
From Jinnah to Zia Muhammad Munir Vanguard Books Ltd. Lahore
The Discourse and Politics of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Anwar H. Syed St. Martin's Press New York, 1991
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