Freidman, Yohannan (1989) “The Prophecy Continues” Berkeley: University of California Press

Hughes - The Supreme Court of The United States, P. 68. Quoted from Martin Mayer, The Lawyers

Zaheer-ud-Din Vs The State(1993 SCMR 1714; at 1749, where Justice Shafi-ur-Rahman Observed, “our difficulty in handling these appeals has been that respondents have by and large argued the matter as if the viries of the impugned portions of the ordinance are being tested for their inconsistency more with injunc-tions of Islam than for their inconsistency with the fun-damental rights. This has brought in religious scholars volunteering to assist the court generating lot of avoid-able heat and controversy at the argument and post argument stage.”

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan Ahmadiyyat the Renaissance of Islam: Foreword by Mirza Mubarik Ahmad. - Tabsheer Publication.

Agha Abdul Karim Shorish Kashmiri and others Vs Province of West Pakistan. PLD 1969 Lahore 289; at 307

Abdur Rahman Mubashir Vs Syed Amir Ali PLD 1978 Lahore 113; at 124

ibid: at 188

Patern, Gustaf, (1987) Pakistan: Human Rights after Martial Law. Geneva: International Commission of Jurists P.103

PLD 1978 Lah 113; at l26

ibid; at 123

ibid; at 189

ibid; at 189-90

ibid: at 141

ibid; at 185

ibid; at 188

ibid; at 169

Robert G Ingersoll - Blasphemy Trial.

James ‘Madison (A Memorial and Remonstrance sub-mitted to the Virginia General Assembly quoted from The First Liberty by William Lee Miller, Alfred A. Knopf New York, 1986) Page 101-102

Fletcher versus Peck 10 US at 143

PLD 1984 FSC 86

Patern, Gustaf,(1987) Pakistan: Human Rights after Martial Law. Geneva: International Commission of Jurists . P.62

PLD 1985 FSC; 8 at page 87

ibid at page 88

ibid at page 89

ibid at page 93

ibid at page 93

ibid at page 98

ibid at page 98

ibid at page 100

ibid at page 110-111

ibid at page 111

ibid at pagelll-112

ibid at page 116

ibid at page 116

ibid at pagell6-117

ibid at page 117

ibid at page 119

1988 SCMR 897 at 900

(Note: The peculiar circumstances here mentioned were that the two Ulema judges sitting on the appeal bench had expressed their opinion about the ordinance XX before being elevated to the court. They had publicly claimed in the national press and Pakistan Television that they had worked for the ordinance and had cited this as an achievement. In this view the appellants felt that the two judges had a closed mind on the issue and they should not sit on the bench. The two judges however said that they will not feel embarrassed and were open to change their view and opted not to retire from the bench. Another application of the appellants to be provided a copy of the tape recorded proceedings for preparation of the appeal and to meet the observations made in the judgment was also rejected another application for expunction of a part of the judgment of the Federal Shariat court was also refused)

Muhammad Aslam vs. Federation of Pakistan

Mujeeb ur Rahman Dard Vs Federation of Pakistan

ibid

Conscience and Coercion BY Antonio R. Gualtieri. Guernica Montreal 1989 Pages, 29;30

Zaheer-ud-Din Vs The State PLD1988 Quetta 22 at P.34

Zaheer-ud-Din Vs The State PLD1988 Quetta 22 at P.34

Nasir Ahmad Vs The State 1993 SCMR 153;

ibid

Zaheer ud Deen Vs The State 1993 SCMR 1718 at 1736-37

ibid at 1737-1738

ibid at 1738

ibid at 1741-1742

ibid at 1742-43

ibid at 1743

Jibendra Kishore Achharyya PLD 1957 SC 9 at 41

Zaheer ud Deen Vs The State 1993 SCMR 1718 at 1747

ibid at 1748

10.ibid at 1748

ibid at 1778

Jibendra Kishore Achharyya PLD 1957 SC 9 at 41

UN Document No. E/CN .4/Sub. 2/200/Rev .1 New York 1960. Study of discrimination in the matter of reli-gious rights and practices, by Special Rapporteur of the Sub Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities. P 18

ibid page 18

ibid page 18

ibid page 23

Jibendra Kishore Achharyya PLD 1957 SC 9 at 41

Fletcher Vs Peck 344 US 252 at 284

Jibendra Kishore Achharyya PLD 1957 SC 9 at

Abdul Ghani Vs Islamic Republic of Pakistan PLD 1958 LAH 584

Syed Sarfraz Hussain Bokhari Vs Dit Magistrate Kasoor. PLD 1983 SC 172.

310 US 296 at Page 303-304

274 US 357,378-379

Zaheer ud Deen Vs The State 1993 SCMR 1718 at 1774.

PLD 1987 SC 304 at 356

Masoo Vs UBL 1990 MLD 2304

Sakina bibi Vs PLD 1990 LAH 99

Habib Bank Ltd.Vs Waheed Textile PLD 1989 KAR 371

Hakim Khan PLD 1992 SC 595

ibid

Zaheer ud Deen Vs The State 1993 SCMR 1718 at 1749

Mian Muhammad Nawaz Shareef PLD 1993 SC 473

Kaneez Fatima PLD 1993 SC 901

ibid

ibid

Conscience and Coercion BY Antonio R. Gualtieri, Guernica Montreal 1989 P.33

Zaheer ud Deen Vs The State 1993 SCMR 1718 at 1771

ibid at 1775

ibid at 1776

Zaheer-ud-Din & others Vs The State (993SCMR 1718; at 1764)

ibid at 1750.

ibid at 1758.

Reynolds Vs United States. 98 US 145(1878)

Ibid

Ibid

Ibid

Ibid

Ibid

Ibid

Cantwell Vs Connecticut. (310 US296-311)

Zaheer ud Deen Vs The State 1993 SCMR 1718 at 1758

Cantwell Vs Connecticut. (310 US296-311)

Ibid

Ibid

1bid

Ibid

Ibid

Jones Vs City of Opelicka (316 US 584 = 86 L.ed 1695)

Ibid 316 US 593=86 L.ed 1699

Ibid 316 US 593=86 L.ed 1699

Ibid 316 US 596=86 L.ed 1701

Ibid 316 US …=86 L.ed 1702

Ibid L.ed 1709

Ibid 86 L.ed 1715

Ibid 86 L.ed 1715

Human Rights Watch, American Civil Liberties Union. Human Rights Violation in The United States, published 1993. P. 173.

Ibid 174

Willis Cox Vs State of New Hampshire 312 US 569 at page 73=85 L.ed. 1049 at 1052

312 US 569 at 574=85 L.ed. 149 at 1052

312 US 569 at 574=85 L.ed. 149 at 1053

312 US 569 at 578=85 L.ed. 149 at 1055

Zaheer ud Din and others Vs the state. 1993 SCMR 1714; at 1752

Ibid 1753 (emphasis Added)

Brief Prepared by: Minnesota Advocates For Human Rights Advocates

ibid

Note : In view of the American case law cited in Zaheer ud Din the Minnesota Human rights Advocates prepared an amicus brief to be submitted in the Supreme Court of Pakistan contending that the American case Law had been misapplied. That amicus brief however could not be submitted in Supreme Court of Pakistan. A copy of the brief was provided to the present author. The effort of The Minnesota Advocates For Human Rights Advocates is acknowledged with deep sense of appreciation. The lawyers who contributed to the brief were

Al Qur’an Chapter 5 verse 9

Thomas Jafferson

Sir Edward Nelson Vs Judge of the High Court of West Pakistan Lahore (PLD 1961 S.C 237)

PLD 1957 SC201

Karen Parker J.D. Religious persecution in Pakistan: The Ahmadi case in the Supreme Court. Humanitarian Law Project. InterNational Educational Development. Inc. Los Angeles, California. Dec. 1993

A.G Chaudhry, Barrister at Law, An Analytical Comment on Zaheer-ud-Din Vs The State; Page 32

ibid ; page 35

113 US 2217

Al Qur’an Chapter 5 verse 9

1993 SCMR 1714 at - 1768

ibid Page 1768

ibid Page 1769

ibid Page 1755

ibid Page 1755

1993 SCMR 1714 at - 1768

PLD 1984 FSC 136

PLD 1985 FSC 8 - at 15

ibid

319 US 624

Durab Patel Testament of a Liberal, Page 212

ibid at 211

‘Ashmawy Muhammad Said ISLAM AND THE POLITICAL ORDER, Page 11.

James Madison (A Memorial and Remonstrance sub-mitted to the Virginia General Assembly quoted from The First Liberty by William Lee Miller, Alfred A. Knopf New York, 1986) Page 360 (Appendix II).

JINNAH: Speeches and Statements 1947-1948 The Millennium Series Oxford University Press. Page 125.

ibid Page 28.

ibid Page 29.

Mason, Harlan Fiske Stone,op.,cit p, 533. Quoted from American Constitutional Law 5th Ed by Martin Shapiro & Rocco j. Tresolini. P431 Macmillan NY

Study Organized by International Center For Human Rights and Democratic Developments in Pakistan