Persecution Of The Ahmadiyya Community In Pakistan: An Analysis Under International Law

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Plight of Ahmadi Muslims in Pakistan (1989-99)

It is now more than fifteen years since the Ordinance was promulgated. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has suffered a great deal after Dictator Ziaul Haq promulgated Ordinance XX in 1984. The suffering continues unabated. It is a touching story and this Souvenir tells only a part of it. (read it online)
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Critical Analysis/Archives

Persecution of the Ahmadiyya …

Persecution Of The Ahmadiyya Community In Pakistan: An Analysis Under International Law

Published in HARVARD HUMAN RIGHTS JOURNAL,
VOLUME 16, Spring 2003, pp.217-245

Amjad Mahmood Khan *

I. Introduction
II. Background
	A. The Emergence of Pakistan and Its Commitment to Religious Freedom
	B. The Fundamentalist Surge and the History of Ahmadi Persecution
III. The Anti-Blasphemy Provisions Under International Law
	A. The U.N. Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
	B. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
	C. The U.N. Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Religious Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief
	D. Report of the U.N. Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities on its Thirty-Eighth Session
IV. The Anti-Blasphemy Provisions Under Regional Instruments
	A. Africa Charter on Human and People's Rights
	B. Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
V. The Anti-Blasphemy Provisions And International Relations Theory
	A. The Realist Paradigm
	B. The Institutionalist Paradigm
	C. The Liberalist Paradigm
	D. The Constructivist Paradigm
VI. Conclusion And Recommendations

* J.D. Candidate, Harvard Law School Class of 2004; B.A., Claremont McKenna College, 2001. The author would like to thank M. Nadeem Ahmad Siddiq, Jeff Redding, Tom Kellogg, Elizabeth Puskar, Karen Parker, Peter Rosenblum, and the editors of the Harvard Human Rights Journal for their constructive comments and suggestions. The author also thanks his parents, Anwer Mahmood Khan and Amtul Hakeem Khan, for their love and support. The article is dedicated to the memories of Hazrat Sir Muhammad Zafrullah Khan (d.1986), former president of the International Court of Justice, and Hazrat Abdul Malik Khan (d.1983), the author's paternal grandfather. Special dedication to beloved Hazrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad, the Supreme Head of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Community, for his spiritual guidance and inspiration.